袋装水泥装车机及拨板机构的设计与研究

针对袋装水泥装车半自动化问题，设计一款全自动装车机。首先，根据袋装水泥车间生产状况，确定水泥装车方案，即采用抽屉式逐层装车原理，利用ＳｏｌｉｄＷｏｒｋｓ创建装车机三维模型；其次，为使水泥包快速准确地到达指定位置，针对拨板机构中的分拨板及导柱进行受力分析，建立其力学模型，推导出应力公式；最后，通过 ＡＮＳＹＳ有限元软件进行分拨板的力学仿真，为后续的优化设计提供依据。     

Economic Evaluation of Power System Flexibility by Commercial Air Conditioner Control with Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation

High penetration of intermittent renewable energy such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power could cause shortage of power system flexibility. Demand response is expected to help supply ancillary service instead of the conventional power plant. Commercial air conditioners are a promising responsive load for demand response because they account for a large proportion of power consumption in the power system. We calculate a system operation cost and hourly operation pattern of each power plant by using the optimal power generation model considering flexibility supply from controlling commercial air conditioner. We obtained the following results as an effect of commercial air conditioner control. (1) The power generation of oil fired power plants decreases at peak time and annual fuel cost of oil fired plant is reduced by approximately 30% at most in Kanto area. (2) The percentage of rated operation mode of LNG combined cycle plants increases. (3) Curtailed energy rate of PV decreases because a power storage amount by pumped hydropower generation increases. (4) Required battery capacity to reduce PV curtailed amount decreased by combining battery energy storage system in case of high penetration of PV.     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis over SO42−/Ce0.84Zr0.16O2–WO3–ZrO2 for N,N-diethylation of aniline with ethanol

Herein, a new mechanism involving Lewis acid-oxygen vacancy interfacial synergistic catalysis for aniline N,N-diethylation with ethanol was proposed, and the SO₄²⁻/Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂–WO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst (SCWZ) with both Lewis acid sites and oxygen vacancies was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, which shows better catalytic activity than the reported solid acidic catalysts. Besides, the SO₄²⁻/ZrO₂ (SZ) and SO₄²⁻/WO₃–ZrO₂ (SWZ) catalysts were also prepared and compared with SCWZ to investigate the synergistic effect of each component. The SO₄²⁻ and WO₃ mainly generate Lewis acid by bonding with ZrO₂, which is beneficial for the fracture of the N–H bond in aniline. The Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ solid solution mainly plays a vital role in generating the oxygen vacancies as the interface active species, which can participate in stripping –OH from ethanol, then the carbocation will also be released, which only needs 1.3805 kcal/mol energy, calculated by density functional theory (DFT), to be input. In comparison, the traditional reaction mechanism needs the Brønsted acidic sites to promote the protonation of ethanol, then dehydration and subsequent formation of carbocation followed, and 108.6846 kcal/mol energy needs to be input, which is far higher than that of the new mechanism. The apparent activation energy (E_a) over SCWZ was measured by experiment to be 34.09 kJ/mol, which is much lower than that of SWZ (47.10 kJ/mol) and SZ (54.37 kJ/mol), illustrating comparatively preferable kinetics for SCWZ than that of SWZ and SZ. Besides, the conversion of aniline and selectivity to N,N-diethylaniline over SCWZ reach almost 100% and 73%, respectively. The SCWZ can be renewed for 4 times without rapid deactivation, and the longevity of SCWZ is longer than that of SWZ and SZ, as the loaded SO₄²⁻ and tetragonal ZrO₂ are stabilized by Ce_0.84Zr_0.16O₂ and WO₃, respectively.     

紫金山东南矿段成矿期次、阶段浅析

通过对紫金山东南矿段铜钼(金)矿床地质矿化特征分析,指出铜钼矿化带主要赋存于花岗闪长斑岩的内外接触带,处于似斑状花岗闪长斑岩的上部,金矿化带赋存在表生氧化带的英安玢岩、隐爆角砾岩中。经过对矿石的组构特征、矿物生成顺序等特征分析,将矿床的成矿演化过程分为斑岩热液期、高硫化浅成低温热液期、表生氧化期三个主要矿化期次,进一步将斑岩热液期分为黑云母-钾长石化阶段、石英-绢云母化阶段、碳酸盐化阶段三个阶段;高硫化浅成低温热液期分为地开石化阶段、明矾石化阶段、硅化阶段三个阶段。研究结果为进一步研究矿床成因提供了依据。     

水平衡法与高温转化法在矿泉水氢氧稳定同位素测定中的应用

为了鉴别不同品牌矿泉水标注水源地信息真伪,对11种不同品牌饮用水的氢氧稳定同位素(δD和δ18 O)进行测定。结果表明,水平衡法(GasBench-IRMS)和高温转化法(TC/EA-IRMS)的测定结果一致性较好,两种方法测定6种不同饮用水的δD和δ18 O的平均差异分别为(0.6±1.59)‰和(0.02±0.13)‰。水平衡法需要较长的制备和测定时间,但δD和δ18 O的测定精度明显优于高温转化法。11种饮用水δD和δ18 O变化范围较大,其δD和δ18 O受不同品牌饮用水的水源地降水影响形成明显的地域性。虽然无法区分矿泉水是否由其他类别饮用水伪造,但δD和δ18 O可以为特定区域(如高海拔与沿海地区)以及产地相近的矿泉水水源地鉴别提供依据。     

三维增材鞋面印花机对位平台的冗余驱动控制策略

针对自动鞋面印花机在进行对版时定位精度低,影响鞋面印刷质量的问题,提出了基于冗余驱动的印花机对位平台。在原有的三轴并联机构对位平台的基础上通过增加1个Y轴,有效地提高了对位平台Y向的刚度和承载能力,从而提高了印花机对位平台的定位精度。由于冗余驱动机构运动过程中存在机构运动耦合,利用几何法进行解耦,提出了基于电子凸轮的控制策略。同时提出了对机构换向间隙补偿的控制策略,进一步提高对位平台的定位精度,保证了鞋面的印刷质量。经过实验验证,改进后的印花机对位平台Y向定位精度提高了85.7%,Z向旋转定位精度提高了72.9%,X向和Y向换向间隙分别提高了50% 和75%,Z向旋转换向间隙提高了42.86%。     

燃油选择性吸附脱硫的多孔材料研究进展

吸附脱硫技术具有操作条件温和、节能、不改变燃油品质和成本低等特点而备受关注。针对噻吩类难脱除硫化物的深度脱除和转化问题，综述了近年来应用多孔吸附材料选择性吸附超深度脱除燃油中噻吩类硫化物的作用机理及最新研究进展。重点分析了分子筛、金属有机骨架、多孔炭材料、复合材料等不同吸附剂的研究现状，并探讨了各种吸附材料的吸附机理、改性方式和优缺点。本文指出分子筛因优异的热稳定性、高比表面积、均一的孔道结构、低成本和易于工业化等特点，是目前最具优势的吸附剂材料。未来研究应着重阐明吸附机理、提高合成便捷性、脱硫性能以及再生能力，更全面系统的研究将为开发具有理想选择性和再生能力的高效吸附剂奠定基础。